Illyrian Coins: A Collector’s Guide to the Hidden Wealth of the Western Balkans
Have you ever picked up an ancient coin and wondered whose hands it passed through? Illyrian coins carry that sense of mystery. They’re not just collectibles — they’re voices from a long-gone civilization that once thrived along the Adriatic coast. From traders and seafarers to kings and warriors, the people of Illyria left behind coins that whisper stories of power, trade, and belief.
Unlike the polished uniformity of Roman denarii or the consistent style of Greek tetradrachms, Illyrian coins are a bit more rugged — sometimes irregular, often bold, and always fascinating. For collectors, they offer a unique adventure into a region that lived between worlds.
A Journey Through Time: Illyria in Silver and Bronze
Illyria wasn’t a single nation, but rather a patchwork of tribal territories and coastal cities. By the 5th century BCE, Greek influence had already crept in through trade and colonization. It was only natural that Illyrian cities began minting their own coins, often mimicking Greek styles, but over time, you see their own identity begin to emerge.
These coins evolved as Illyria did. In the early phases, they were largely silver, featuring gods and symbols borrowed from Hellenistic culture. As Rome extended its grip over the region in the 2nd century BCE, Latin replaced Greek on the coins, and emperors’ faces began to appear. Yet Illyria never entirely lost its distinct touch.
Types of Illyria Coins You Might Come Across
Drachms
These are the bread and butter of Illyrian coinage — small, silver, and practical. They often show Greek deities or local motifs like anchors and cows. Many are surprisingly affordable, making them perfect for beginner collectors.
Staters
Heavier than drachms and often more finely struck, staters were used for larger trades. Apollonia and Dyrrachium staters are particularly well-known, with designs that reflect both local pride and Greek artistic influence.
Tetradrachms
If you’re drawn to large, detailed coins, these are a dream. Issa minted some of the finest, featuring sea creatures, ships, and unique inscriptions. They’re rare, but worth hunting down.
Denarii (Roman Influence)
As Rome took over, Illyrian mints began producing denarii bearing the likenesses of emperors. These coins blend local styles with Roman propaganda, giving us a fascinating hybrid form of coinage.
Mint Cities That Shaped the Region
Apollonia
One of Illyria’s most important coastal cities, Apollonia minted silver coins marked by the tripod of Apollo — a nod to its Hellenistic roots. The city’s coinage is clean, symmetrical, and widely collected.
Dyrrachium
Look for the famous cow and calf motif — it’s iconic. Coins from Dyrrachium are well-struck and were widely used across the Balkans, even reaching Italy at times.
Issa
Located on what’s now the Croatian island of Vis, Issa was a maritime powerhouse. Their coins often show dolphins, ships, and Poseidon’s trident — fitting for a city so tied to the sea.
Scodra
Coins from this inland city are less common but offer a more local flavor. Some feature portraits believed to represent Illyrian kings or regional deities, making them a treat for advanced collectors.
Symbols That Tell Stories
Gods and Icons
Sure, you’ll see familiar faces like Athena and Zeus — but with twists. An Illyrian Athena might have a distinct helmet or companion animal. These coins show how Illyrians made imported imagery their own.
More Than Currency
Coins were communication tools. A ruler might use them to assert legitimacy. A city might flaunt its victory in battle. Even religious festivals could get immortalized in silver.
Clues in the Details
Tiny marks — like dots around the edge, animals in the background, or even odd letter shapes — can tell you which city or tribe issued the coin. Sometimes, the smallest features reveal the biggest stories.
Must-Have Books for Illyrian Coin Collectors
“Illyrian Coinage: An Overview” – John Wilkes
A friendly introduction for those just starting out. Not too academic, but rich with useful background.
“Coins of the Ancient Illyrians” – Aleksandar Jovanović
Lots of clear photos and side-by-side comparisons. If you’re a visual learner, this is a top pick.
“The Numismatic History of Illyria” – Oliver Hoover
For deep dives and historical analysis. A bit more scholarly, but highly respected.
Getting Started: Tips from the Field
- Start Simple: A clean silver drachm from Dyrrachium is a perfect entry point.
- Avoid Too-Shiny Coins: Bright polish often means it was cleaned — and that can reduce value.
- Know Your Dealers: Stick with trusted sellers, whether online or at shows.
- Join the Conversation: Forums like CoinTalk and Numista are full of collectors happy to help.
How to Handle, Store, and Authenticate Your Coins
Grading Basics
Don’t get too hung up on mint state labels. A worn but genuine coin with a clear design is still a treasure.
Spotting Fakes
Modern forgeries can look convincing. Always check for seam lines on edges, overly perfect surfaces, or mismatched fonts.
Proper Storage
Use flips or capsules that are PVC-free. Avoid moisture and direct sunlight. A well-kept coin will hold both its value and charm.
Where to See Illyria Coins in the Flesh
- Albanian National Museum (Tirana) – Outstanding Apollonia and Scodra examples.
- Archaeological Museum (Split, Croatia) – Great Issa coinage collection.
- Kunsthistorisches Museum (Vienna) – A top-tier numismatic display.
- British Museum (London) – Strong Balkan holdings, with Illyrian specimens.
Seeing them in person gives you a deeper appreciation for their texture, weight, and beauty.
Are They Worth Collecting? Absolutely
You don’t need deep pockets to start. And while some Illyrian coins are climbing in value, especially rare Scodra or Issa types, most are still within reach for the average collector.
- Look for bold designs and readable inscriptions.
- Avoid cleaned or corroded coins unless deeply discounted.
- Keep a collecting journal to track your acquisitions and research.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are they legal to buy?
Yes — just be cautious with exports from certain countries.
Where can I buy them?
Trusted platforms like VCoins, MA-Shops, and reputable auction houses.
Should I get my coins graded?
For high-value items, yes. Otherwise, it’s up to you.
Can I collect them on a budget?
Definitely. Start with common drachms and work your way up.
One Last Thought
Illyria coins don’t just fill a slot in a collection tray — they spark curiosity. They’re your invitation to explore a lesser-known chapter of ancient history, full of ambition, resilience, and cultural fusion.
Pick one up. Hold it to the light. You’re not just holding a coin — you’re holding a story.