Bullion Coins: Complete Guide to Precious Metals Investing

From American Eagles to Canadian Maples - identification, values, premiums, storage, and investment strategies

Government Backed Spot Price Driven Tangible Assets Global Liquidity
🥇

WHAT ARE BULLION COINS?

Government-minted precious metal coins for investment - understanding the basics

Bullion Coin Definition & Characteristics

Bullion coins are legal tender precious metal coins minted by governments for investment purposes. Their value comes primarily from their metal content, not rarity or collectible value.

Key Characteristics

  • Government backed: Legal tender status (face value)
  • High purity: Typically .999+ fine gold/silver
  • Standard weights: Troy ounces (1oz, 1/2oz, 1/4oz, 1/10oz)
  • Low premiums: Close to spot metal price
  • High liquidity: Easy to buy and sell globally

Why Investors Choose Bullion

  • Portfolio diversification: Hedge against inflation
  • Tangible asset: Physical ownership
  • Privacy: No reporting requirements (varies)
  • Crisis protection: Store of value during uncertainty
  • Inflation hedge: Historically preserves purchasing power

The Four Precious Metals

🥇
Gold Bullion

Primary use: Wealth preservation, inflation hedge

Typical sizes: 1oz, 1/2oz, 1/4oz, 1/10oz

Popular series: American Eagle, Canadian Maple Leaf

Market: Most liquid, highest recognition

🥈
Silver Bullion

Primary use: Affordability, industrial + investment

Typical sizes: 1oz, 10oz, 1kg, 100oz

Popular series: American Eagle, Canadian Maple Leaf

Market: Higher volatility, industrial demand

⚪
Platinum Bullion

Primary use: Diversification, industrial uses

Typical sizes: 1oz, 1/2oz, 1/4oz, 1/10oz

Popular series: American Eagle, Canadian Maple Leaf

Market: Smaller market, catalytic converter demand

🔘
Palladium Bullion

Primary use: Industrial investment, speculation

Typical sizes: 1oz (mainly)

Popular series: Canadian Maple Leaf

Market: Most volatile, auto industry dependent

Bullion vs Other Precious Metal Forms

Type Recognition Premium Liquidity Best For
Bullion Coins Highest Low-Moderate Excellent Most investors
Bullion Bars High Lowest Good Large investors
Numismatic Coins Variable High Variable Collectors
Rounds Low Low Fair Budget buyers

Essential Starting Points

Top Bullion Series Guide Understanding Premiums Investment Strategies
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TOP BULLION SERIES WORLDWIDE

Government-backed bullion programs with global recognition

The Major Bullion Programs

These government-minted series dominate the bullion market due to their recognition, liquidity, and consistent quality.

🇺🇸

American Eagle Series

United States Mint
Gold American Eagle
  • Purity: 22k gold (.9167 fine) with silver/copper alloy
  • Sizes: 1oz, 1/2oz, 1/4oz, 1/10oz
  • Design: Saint-Gaudens' Liberty (obverse), Family of Eagles (reverse)
  • First issued: 1986
  • Premium: 3-5% over spot typically
Silver American Eagle
  • Purity: .999 fine silver
  • Sizes: 1oz only
  • Design: Walking Liberty (obverse), Heraldic Eagle (reverse)
  • First issued: 1986
  • Premium: 10-20% over spot typically
  • Note: World's bestselling silver bullion coin
Platinum & Palladium Eagles
  • Platinum purity: .9995 fine
  • Palladium purity: .9995 fine
  • Sizes: 1oz for both
  • Market: Smaller but growing
  • Premium: Higher than gold/silver

Investor Note: American Eagles are IRA-approved and have legal tender status. The 22k gold composition makes them more durable than pure gold coins.

🇨🇦

Canadian Maple Leaf Series

Royal Canadian Mint
Gold Maple Leaf
  • Purity: .9999 fine (24k gold)
  • Sizes: 1oz, 1/2oz, 1/4oz, 1/10oz, 1/20oz
  • Design: Queen Elizabeth II (obverse), Maple Leaf (reverse)
  • First issued: 1979
  • Premium: 2-4% over spot typically
  • Innovation: First major .9999 gold coin
Silver Maple Leaf
  • Purity: .9999 fine silver
  • Sizes: 1oz, 10oz, 1kg
  • Security features: Radial lines, micro-engraved laser mark
  • Premium: 8-15% over spot typically
  • Note: World's purest silver bullion coin
Platinum & Palladium Maple Leafs
  • Purity: .9995 fine platinum/palladium
  • Sizes: 1oz primarily
  • Market position: Major competitor to Eagles
  • Special: Also available in .9999 purity

Investor Note: Maple Leafs are .9999 pure, offering slightly more precious metal per ounce than .999 coins. The security features help prevent counterfeiting.

🇦🇺
Australian Kangaroo/Nugget
  • Mint: Perth Mint
  • Purity: .9999 gold
  • Special: Annual design changes
  • Sizes: 1oz, 1/2oz, 1/4oz, 1/10oz, 1/20oz
  • Premium: 3-6% over spot
  • Note: Silver kangaroos also available
🇦🇹
Austrian Philharmonic
  • Mint: Austrian Mint
  • Purity: .9999 gold
  • Design: Musical theme (Vienna Philharmonic)
  • Sizes: 1oz, 1/2oz, 1/4oz, 1/10oz
  • Premium: 2-4% over spot
  • Note: Europe's bestselling gold coin
🇬🇧
British Britannia
  • Mint: Royal Mint
  • Purity: .9999 gold/silver
  • Security: Micro-text, surface animation
  • Sizes: 1oz, 1/2oz, 1/4oz, 1/10oz
  • Premium: 3-6% over spot
  • Note: VAT-free for non-UK investors
🇨🇳
Chinese Panda
  • Mint: China Mint
  • Purity: .999 gold/silver
  • Special: Annual design changes (panda)
  • Sizes: Metric weights (30g silver, etc.)
  • Premium: 5-15% over spot (collector appeal)
  • Note: Popular with collectors
🇿🇦
South African Krugerrand
  • Mint: South African Mint
  • Purity: 22k gold (.9167 fine)
  • History: First modern gold bullion coin (1967)
  • Sizes: 1oz, 1/2oz, 1/4oz, 1/10oz
  • Premium: 2-4% over spot
  • Note: Original gold bullion coin
🇺🇸
American Buffalo
  • Mint: US Mint
  • Purity: .9999 gold (24k)
  • Design: Classic Buffalo/Indian Head design
  • Sizes: 1oz only
  • Premium: 4-7% over spot
  • Note: First US .9999 fine gold coin

How to Choose Your Bullion Series

💰
For Lowest Premium
  • Krugerrand (gold)
  • Maple Leaf (gold)
  • Philharmonic (gold)
  • Generic bars (lowest)
🌎
For Global Recognition
  • American Eagle
  • Canadian Maple Leaf
  • Krugerrand
  • Gold/Silver bars
🛡️
For Security Features
  • Canadian Maple Leaf
  • British Britannia
  • Australian Kangaroo
  • Modern releases
🎨
For Aesthetic Appeal
  • Chinese Panda
  • Australian Kangaroo
  • American Eagle
  • Britannia

Explore detailed series guides:

American Eagle Guide Maple Leaf Guide Krugerrand Guide
⚖️

BULLION WEIGHTS & SIZES

Understanding troy ounces, gram weights, and optimal purchase sizes

The Troy Ounce System

Bullion is measured in troy ounces (31.1035 grams), not avoirdupois ounces (28.3495 grams). Understanding this difference is crucial for accurate valuation.

Troy Ounce vs Regular Ounce

Troy Ounce

Weight: 31.1035 grams

Used for: Precious metals worldwide

Abbreviation: ozt or t oz

Important: 12 troy ounces = 1 troy pound

Avoirdupois Ounce

Weight: 28.3495 grams

Used for: Everyday items (food, etc.)

Abbreviation: oz

Important: 16 ounces = 1 pound

Key fact: A troy ounce is approximately 10% heavier than a regular ounce. When spot prices quote "per ounce," they mean troy ounces.

Standard Bullion Coin Weights

Gold Bullion Sizes
1 Troy Ounce 31.1035g Lowest % premium
1/2 Troy Ounce 15.5517g Higher premium
1/4 Troy Ounce 7.7759g Higher premium
1/10 Troy Ounce 3.1103g Highest premium
1/20 Troy Ounce 1.5552g Very high premium
Silver Bullion Sizes
1 Troy Ounce 31.1035g Standard size
10 Troy Ounces 311.035g Lower premium/oz
1 Kilogram 1000g (32.15 ozt) Low premium/oz
100 Troy Ounces 3110.35g Lowest premium/oz
5 Troy Ounces 155.517g Special sizes

How Size Affects Premiums

Smaller coins/bars carry higher premiums per ounce due to higher minting costs relative to metal value. Larger units offer better value for pure investment.

Gold Example (Spot: $2,000/oz)
1 oz coin +3% ($60) $2,060
1/2 oz coin +6% ($60) $1,060
1/4 oz coin +9% ($45) $545
1/10 oz coin +15% ($30) $230
Silver Example (Spot: $25/oz)
1 oz coin +15% ($3.75) $28.75
10 oz bar +8% ($20) $270
100 oz bar +4% ($100) $2,600
1 kg bar +6% ($48) $848

Optimal Sizing Strategy

For Large Investments
  • Gold: 1 oz coins or larger bars
  • Silver: 100 oz bars or 1 kg bars
  • Advantage: Lowest premiums
  • Consideration: Less flexibility for partial sales
  • Storage: More space efficient
For Medium Investments
  • Gold: 1 oz coins primarily
  • Silver: 10 oz bars or 1 oz coins
  • Advantage: Good balance of premium and flexibility
  • Consideration: Can sell in increments
  • Storage: Moderate space needed
For Small Investments
  • Gold: 1/10 oz or 1/4 oz coins
  • Silver: 1 oz coins only
  • Advantage: Affordable entry points
  • Consideration: Higher premiums
  • Storage: Easy to store small amounts

Weight Verification & Testing

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Precise Scales
  • Accuracy: 0.01g or better for gold
  • Calibration: Regular calibration with known weights
  • Capacity: Appropriate for coin size
  • Tip: Jewelry scales work well for coins
📐
Dimension Checking
  • Diameter: Should match specifications
  • Thickness: Consistent across coin
  • Weight + Dimensions: Both must match
  • Resources: Mint websites provide specs
🧲
Magnet Test
  • Gold/Silver: Not magnetic
  • Fake test: Steel cores will attract magnet
  • Limitation: Passes non-magnetic fakes
  • Note: Use strong neodymium magnet

For weight and measurement tools:

Bullion Measurement Tools Guide
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WORLD MINTS & PRODUCERS

Government mints, private refineries, and their reputations

The Major Bullion Producers

Understanding which mints and refineries produce bullion helps assess quality, recognition, and resale value.

Types of Bullion Producers

Government Mints
  • Examples: US Mint, Royal Canadian Mint
  • Advantages: Legal tender, highest recognition
  • Disadvantages: Higher premiums typically
  • Best for: Most investors, IRA accounts
Private Refineries
  • Examples: PAMP Suisse, Valcambi
  • Advantages: Lower premiums, innovative designs
  • Disadvantages: Less recognition than government
  • Best for: Large purchases, lower premiums
National Banks
  • Examples: China Gold Coin Inc.
  • Advantages: Government backing
  • Disadvantages: May have export restrictions
  • Best for: Regional investors

Top Government Mints

🇺🇸
United States Mint
Washington, West Point, Philadelphia

Products: American Eagle, American Buffalo

Reputation: Highest US recognition

Special: IRA-approved, legal tender

Premium level: Medium to high

🇨🇦
Royal Canadian Mint
Ottawa, Winnipeg

Products: Maple Leaf series

Reputation: .9999 purity leader

Special: Advanced security features

Premium level: Low to medium

🇦🇺
Perth Mint
Perth, Western Australia

Products: Kangaroo, Lunar series

Reputation: High quality, innovative

Special: Government guaranteed

Premium level: Medium

🇬🇧
The Royal Mint
Llantrisant, Wales

Products: Britannia, Sovereign

Reputation: Historic, trusted

Special: VAT-free for non-UK

Premium level: Medium

Top Private Refiners

PAMP Suisse
Switzerland
  • Specialty: Lady Fortuna bars
  • Reputation: Highest quality private
  • Security: Assay certificates, CertiPAMP
  • Market: Global, highly respected
Valcambi
Switzerland
  • Specialty: CombiBars (breakable)
  • Reputation: Innovative products
  • Ownership: Part of Rajesh Exports
  • Market: Major global refiner
Argor-Heraeus
Switzerland
  • Specialty: Kinebar technology
  • Reputation: High security features
  • Technology: Holographic security
  • Market: Premium products
Johnson Matthey
Global
  • Specialty: Industrial and investment
  • Reputation: Historic, trusted
  • Products: Bars and industrial
  • Market: Both investment and industrial

How to Choose a Mint/Refiner

🏛️
Government vs Private

Government mints: Better recognition, often higher premiums, legal tender status

Private refiners: Lower premiums, innovative products, may have less recognition

🌎
Regional Considerations

North America: US Mint, RCM most recognized

Europe: Swiss refiners, Royal Mint respected

Asia: Perth Mint, Chinese products popular

🛡️
Security & Authenticity

Modern mints: Advanced security features (RCM, Royal Mint)

Established refiners: Reputation matters (PAMP, Valcambi)

Authentication: Assay certificates, serial numbers

Buying Direct from Mints

Advantages
  • Guaranteed authenticity
  • Direct from source
  • New releases available
  • Special editions
Disadvantages
  • Often higher prices
  • Shipping minimums
  • Limited payment options
  • Sales tax may apply
When to Buy Direct
  • Special edition coins
  • Proof/mint sets
  • When premium doesn't matter
  • For gift purposes

For detailed mint information:

US Mint Guide Perth Mint Guide Swiss Refiners Guide
💰

PREMIUMS & PRICING

Understanding spot price, dealer premiums, and total costs

The Bullion Pricing Structure

Bullion pricing consists of spot price (metal value) plus dealer premium (minting, distribution, profit). Understanding both is key to smart buying.

Price Components Explained

Spot Price

Definition: Current market price for raw metal

Determined by: Commodity exchanges (LBMA, COMEX)

Volatility: Changes continuously during trading

Basis: For immediate delivery (within 2 days)

Note: Different for each metal (gold, silver, etc.)

Dealer Premium

Definition: Amount over spot you pay

Covers: Minting, distribution, dealer profit

Varies by: Product type, size, demand

Typical range: 2-20% over spot

Key factor: Smaller units = higher % premium

Total Price

Formula: Spot Price + Premium = Your Cost

Example: Gold spot $2,000 + 3% ($60) = $2,060

Also includes: Shipping, insurance, taxes

Comparison: Always compare total delivered cost

Tip: Calculate cost per ounce for comparison

What Affects Premiums

📊
Product Type

Lowest: Generic bars, large sizes

Medium: Government coins (Eagles, Maples)

Highest: Special editions, proofs

Rule: More recognition = higher premium

⚖️
Size/Weight

Large: Lower premium per ounce

Small: Higher premium per ounce

Example: 1 oz gold: 3%, 1/10 oz: 15%

Exception: Fractional gold for gifts/convenience

📈
Market Conditions

High demand: Premiums increase

Low demand: Premiums decrease

Crisis periods: Premiums can spike

Normal times: Stable premiums

🚚
Shipping & Volume

Large orders: Lower premium per unit

Free shipping: Over certain amounts

Bulk discounts: Available from dealers

Membership: Some dealers offer tiered pricing

Typical Premium Ranges

Product Gold Premium Silver Premium Platinum Premium Notes
1 oz Government Coin 2-5% 10-20% 4-8% Eagles, Maples, etc.
1 oz Generic Bar 1-3% 5-10% 3-6% Lower recognition
10 oz Silver Bar N/A 3-8% N/A Better value than coins
Fractional Gold (1/10 oz) 10-20% N/A 15-25% High premium for convenience
100 oz Silver Bar N/A 2-5% N/A Lowest premium for silver
Proof/Special Edition 20-100% 50-200% 30-100% Collector focus, not investment

The Buy/Sell Spread

Spot Price
$2,000
→
Dealer Buys At
$1,940 (3% under spot)
→
Dealer Sells At
$2,060 (3% over spot)

The spread is 6% total (3% on each side of spot). This represents the dealer's operating costs and profit. Narrower spreads mean better deals for investors.

Shipping & Insurance Costs

Typical Shipping Costs
  • Small orders: $10-25
  • Medium orders: $25-50
  • Large orders: $50-100+
  • Free shipping: Often over $3,000-5,000
  • Registered mail: Most secure, slower
Insurance Considerations
  • Required: Usually included above certain value
  • Cost: 1-2% of value typically
  • Self-insure: Some dealers offer option
  • Maximum coverage: Check carrier limits
  • Registered mail: Best for high value
Minimizing Costs
  • Combine orders to reach free shipping
  • Local pickup if dealer nearby
  • Compare dealers including shipping
  • Buy larger quantities less frequently
  • Watch for promotions and sales

Setting Up Price Alerts

Why Use Price Alerts
  • Buy at targets: Set desired price points
  • Dollar cost average: Regular buying
  • Take advantage of dips: Buy on weakness
  • Automate strategy: Remove emotion
How to Set Alerts
  • Dealer websites: Many offer alert systems
  • Financial apps: Bloomberg, Yahoo Finance
  • Broker platforms: If trading futures/ETFs
  • Custom scripts: For advanced users
Smart Alert Levels
  • Support levels: Technical analysis points
  • Percentage drops: 5%, 10% from recent highs
  • Round numbers: $1,800, $1,900 gold
  • Moving averages: 50-day, 200-day MA

For pricing tools and calculators:

Premium Calculator Spot Price Tracker
📈

BULLION INVESTMENT GUIDE

Strategies, allocation, timing, and portfolio management

Why Invest in Physical Bullion?

Bullion offers unique benefits that paper assets cannot provide: tangible ownership, privacy, and crisis protection.

Key Investment Benefits

🛡️
Inflation Hedge

Historically preserves purchasing power when currencies depreciate. Gold/silver maintain value over centuries.

⚖️
Portfolio Diversification

Low correlation with stocks/bonds. Reduces overall portfolio risk. Typically performs well when other assets struggle.

🏦
Crisis Protection

Physical assets outside banking system. Preserves wealth during financial crises, bank failures, or currency collapse.

🔒
Privacy & Control

No counterparty risk (unlike ETFs). No electronic records if desired. Direct physical control of assets.

Portfolio Allocation Strategies

Conservative (5-10%)
  • Allocation: 5-10% of total portfolio
  • Focus: Wealth preservation
  • Metals: Primarily gold, some silver
  • Best for: Risk-averse investors
  • Timeframe: Long-term (10+ years)
Moderate (10-20%)
  • Allocation: 10-20% of total portfolio
  • Focus: Balance of preservation/growth
  • Metals: Gold, silver, maybe platinum
  • Best for: Balanced investors
  • Timeframe: Medium-long term (5-10 years)
Aggressive (20-30%)
  • Allocation: 20-30% of total portfolio
  • Focus: Capital appreciation
  • Metals: Gold, silver, platinum, palladium
  • Best for: Speculative investors
  • Timeframe: Short-medium term (1-5 years)

Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA) Strategy

What is DCA?

Investing fixed amounts at regular intervals regardless of price. Smooths out volatility and avoids market timing.

How to Implement
  • Monthly: Invest same amount each month
  • Quarterly: Every 3 months
  • Automatic: Set up with dealer if possible
  • Stick to plan: Especially during price drops
DCA Example

$500/month for gold:

  • Month 1: Gold $2,000 = 0.25 oz
  • Month 2: Gold $1,800 = 0.28 oz
  • Month 3: Gold $2,200 = 0.23 oz
  • Total: 0.76 oz for $1,500
  • Average cost: $1,974/oz

When to Buy: Timing Considerations

📅
Seasonal Patterns
  • January: Often strong (New Year buying)
  • Summer: Typically weaker (lower demand)
  • September: Historically strong month
  • October: Often good buying opportunity
  • Note: Patterns not guarantees
📰
Market Sentiment
  • Extreme fear: Often good buying time
  • Extreme greed: Consider taking profits
  • Media negativity: May signal opportunity
  • Media euphoria: Often near tops
  • Contrarian approach: Often works
💰
Macro Factors
  • Interest rates: Low rates = gold positive
  • Inflation: Rising inflation = metals positive
  • Dollar strength: Weak dollar = metals positive
  • Geopolitical risk: Increases safe haven demand
  • Stock market: Corrections boost metals

IRA Investing in Bullion

Precious Metals IRA
  • Allowed: IRS-approved bullion coins/bars
  • Custodian required: Must use approved trustee
  • Storage: IRS-approved depository
  • Fees: Setup, annual, storage fees apply
  • Tax advantage: Tax-deferred/tax-free growth
IRA-Approved Bullion
  • Gold: American Eagle, Maple Leaf, others
  • Silver: American Eagle, Maple Leaf
  • Platinum: American Eagle, Maple Leaf
  • Palladium: Canadian Maple Leaf
  • Minimum purity: Gold .995, Silver .999, etc.
IRA vs Physical Ownership
  • IRA: Tax advantages, no physical access
  • Physical: Direct access, privacy, no fees
  • Hybrid: Some in IRA, some physical
  • Consider: Liquidity needs, tax situation
  • Professional advice: Consult tax advisor

Risk Management

⚠️
Price Volatility
  • Gold: Moderate volatility
  • Silver: High volatility (2-3x gold)
  • Platinum/Palladium: Very high volatility
  • Mitigation: DCA, long-term horizon
🔐
Storage Risk
  • Theft: Home storage risk
  • Natural disasters: Fire, flood, etc.
  • Confiscation risk: Historical precedent
  • Mitigation: Diversify storage locations
💸
Liquidity Risk
  • Large bars: Harder to sell partially
  • Obscure products: Lower recognition
  • Market hours: Spot market closes
  • Mitigation: Stick to major products
📊
Realistic Performance Expectations

Gold: Historically 5-8% annual return over long term. Primarily wealth preservation, not aggressive growth.

Silver: Higher volatility, potential for higher returns during bull markets, but larger drawdowns.

Platinum/Palladium: Industrial metals, more speculative, higher risk/reward.

Time horizon: Minimum 3-5 years, ideally 10+ years for metals investment.

Patience required: Metals can underperform for years, then surge in short periods.

🔍

AUTHENTICITY & COUNTERFEIT DETECTION

How to verify bullion and avoid fakes

The Counterfeit Problem

As bullion prices rise, counterfeits become more sophisticated. Knowing how to verify authenticity protects your investment.

Most Commonly Counterfeited Bullion

American Silver Eagles
  • Method: Silver-plated base metal
  • Detection: Weight, magnet, ping test
  • Red flags: Wrong sound, wrong weight
  • Prevention: Buy from reputable dealers
Gold Maple Leafs
  • Method: Gold-plated tungsten
  • Detection: Very difficult, tungsten has similar density
  • Advanced test: Ultrasound, specific gravity
  • Prevention: Buy from mint-authorized dealers
Chinese Silver Pandas
  • Method: Lower purity silver, incorrect specs
  • Detection: Weight, measurements, design details
  • Red flags: Poor strike quality, wrong diameter
  • Prevention: Know year-specific details

Verification Tests from Simple to Advanced

🧲
Magnet Test (Simple)
  • Gold/Silver: Not magnetic
  • Procedure: Strong neodymium magnet
  • Limitations: Passes non-magnetic fakes
  • Best for: Quick screening only
⚖️
Weight & Dimensions
  • Tools: Precision scale, calipers
  • Check: Against mint specifications
  • Tolerance: ±0.05g for 1 oz coin
  • Best for: Most common fakes
🔊
Ping Test (Silver)
  • Procedure: Tap coin, listen to ring
  • Silver: Long, high-pitched ring
  • Base metal: Short, dull sound
  • Apps available: Bullion test apps
💧
Specific Gravity
  • Procedure: Water displacement method
  • Gold: 19.3 g/cm³
  • Silver: 10.49 g/cm³
  • Accuracy: Detects tungsten fakes

Modern Security Features

Canadian Maple Leaf
  • Radial lines: Micro-engraved lines
  • Laser mark: Micro-engraved maple leaf
  • Bullion DNA: Unique identification
  • Verification: Magnification required
British Britannia
  • Surface animation: Latent image
  • Micro-text: "Decus et Tutamen"
  • Tincture lines: Fine details
  • Verification: Tilt to see animation
Austrian Philharmonic
  • Fine detailing: Musical instruments
  • Lettering: Precise, sharp
  • Finish: Consistent brilliance
  • Verification: Compare to known real

How to Buy Safely

Red Flags for Fakes

❌
Poor Details

Mushy details, weak strike, missing fine features. Compare to high-quality images of genuine coins.

❌
Wrong Color

Gold should be gold color (not brassy). Silver should be silver (not grayish). Platinum is whiter than silver.

❌
Incorrect Sound

Silver has distinctive ring when struck. Gold has duller sound. Base metals sound dead.

❌
No Dealer Markup

If price is at or below spot, it's almost certainly fake. Dealers need to make profit.

🔬
Professional Testing Options

XRF guns: Portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers. Used by dealers to verify composition instantly.

Ultrasound testing: Detects tungsten cores in gold-plated fakes.

Specific gravity: Precise density measurement catches sophisticated fakes.

Dealer verification: Many dealers offer verification services for a fee.

When to use: For large purchases, inherited metals, or when in serious doubt.

🏠

STORAGE OPTIONS

Home safes, bank vaults, and professional storage solutions

The Storage Decision

Where you store your bullion involves trade-offs between security, accessibility, and cost. Different solutions suit different needs.

Primary Storage Options

🏠
Home Storage

Security level: Variable (depends on setup)

Accessibility: Immediate

Cost: One-time (safe purchase)

Best for: Small to medium holdings

Insurance: Homeowner's may not cover

🏦
Bank Safe Deposit

Security level: High (bank security)

Accessibility: Limited hours

Cost: Annual fee ($50-$300)

Best for: Medium holdings

Insurance: Not insured by bank

🏢
Private Vault Company

Security level: Very high

Accessibility: Good (better than banks)

Cost: Moderate ($100-$1000/year)

Best for: Medium to large holdings

Insurance: Often available

🌐
Allocated Storage

Security level: Highest (professional)

Accessibility: Sell from storage

Cost: Percentage of value (0.5-1%)

Best for: Large holdings, IRA metals

Insurance: Fully insured

Home Storage: Best Practices

Safe Selection
  • TL-15 or TL-30 rated: Minimum for valuable metals
  • Size: Bigger than you think you need
  • Weight: At least 500+ pounds empty
  • Fire rating: 1-2 hour minimum
  • Location: Bolt to floor in hidden area
Home Security
  • Alarm system: Monitored preferred
  • Cameras: Inside and outside
  • Don't tell: Only immediate family should know
  • Diversion safes: For small amounts
  • Multiple locations: Don't keep all in one place
Insurance for Home Storage
  • Homeowner's policy: Usually limited for bullion
  • Scheduled items: May require separate schedule
  • Specialty insurers: Companies specializing in bullion
  • Documentation: Photos, receipts, serial numbers
  • Appraisal: May be required for large amounts

Professional Storage Services

Types of Professional Storage
  • Allocated: Your specific bars/coins
  • Segregated: Separate from others' metals
  • Unallocated: Pool with others (higher risk)
  • Vault locations: US, Switzerland, Singapore, etc.
  • Audits: Regular third-party audits
Major Storage Companies
  • Brinks: Global, highly secure
  • ViaMat: Specialized precious metals
  • Malca-Amit: High-security logistics
  • Loomis: International vaults
  • Dealer programs: Many dealers offer storage
Costs & Fees
  • Setup fee: $50-$200 one-time
  • Annual fee: 0.5-1% of value
  • Insurance: Usually included
  • Withdrawal fee: $50-$200 per withdrawal
  • Minimums: Often $10,000+ minimum

Storage Strategy: Diversification

Tiered Approach
  • Tier 1 (Immediate): Small amount at home for emergency
  • Tier 2 (Accessible): Bank safe deposit box
  • Tier 3 (Secure): Professional allocated storage
  • Tier 4 (International): Foreign vault for diversification
  • Balance: Spread across multiple options
Geographic Diversification
  • Domestic: Primary storage in home country
  • International: Some in politically stable countries
  • Popular locations: Switzerland, Singapore, Canada
  • Considerations: Tax implications, accessibility
  • Legal: Understand import/export rules

Documentation & Records

📝
Essential Records
  • Purchase receipts: With dates, prices, details
  • Serial numbers: For bars and some coins
  • Photos: Clear images of each item
  • Storage receipts: Proof of storage location
  • Insurance policies: Copies with coverage details
💾
Digital Records
  • Encrypted file: Password protected
  • Cloud backup: Secure cloud storage
  • Offsite backup: USB drive in safe deposit
  • Share with trusted person: In case of emergency
  • Update regularly: As holdings change
👨‍👩‍👧‍👦
Estate Planning
  • Will/trust: Specific instructions for bullion
  • Heirs informed: Basic knowledge of holdings
  • Executor instructions: How to access/sell
  • Tax considerations: Step-up in basis at death
  • Professional help: Estate attorney familiar with metals

For detailed storage information:

Safe Selection Guide Insurance Guide International Storage Guide
⚖️

BULLION VS NUMISMATIC COINS

Understanding the difference and when to choose each

Two Different Markets

Bullion and numismatic coins serve different purposes and appeal to different types of buyers. Understanding both helps make informed decisions.

Bullion Coins

Advantages
  • Value transparency: Based on spot price + known premium
  • High liquidity: Easy to buy and sell quickly
  • Lower premiums: Typically 2-20% over spot
  • Global recognition: Accepted worldwide
  • IRA eligible: Most government bullion qualifies
  • Simplicity: Easy to understand and value
Disadvantages
  • No collector premium: Value tied to metal only
  • Market volatility: Price fluctuates with metals
  • Storage required: Physical possession or storage fees
  • Capital gains tax: May apply on profits

Numismatic Coins

Advantages
  • Dual value: Metal content + collector premium
  • Potential appreciation: Can outperform bullion
  • Historical interest: Collectible appeal
  • Portfolio diversification: Different market drivers
  • Potential tax advantages: May qualify as collectibles
  • Passion factor: Enjoyment of collecting
Disadvantages
  • Higher premiums: Often 50-500% over metal value
  • Lower liquidity: May take time to sell
  • Expertise required: Need knowledge to buy/sell wisely
  • Grading costs: PCGS/NGC grading adds expense
  • Market risk: Collector markets can be fickle
  • Authentication concerns: Fakes and alterations common

When to Choose Bullion vs Numismatic

Choose Bullion When...
  • Primary goal is wealth preservation
  • You want liquidity and easy selling
  • You're new to precious metals
  • You're investing for inflation protection
  • You want IRA eligibility
  • You prefer simplicity and transparency
Choose Numismatic When...
  • You enjoy collecting and history
  • You have expertise or want to learn
  • You're willing to accept higher risk for potential higher returns
  • You have a long time horizon (10+ years)
  • You want diversification within metals
  • You're buying for passion as much as investment

The Hybrid Approach

Core & Satellite Strategy
  • Core (80-90%): Bullion for wealth preservation
  • Satellite (10-20%): Numismatic for potential growth
  • Balance: Combines safety with opportunity
  • Example: $100,000 portfolio: $85,000 bullion, $15,000 numismatic
Staged Approach
  • Stage 1: Start with bullion to build foundation
  • Stage 2: Add numismatic as knowledge grows
  • Stage 3: Balance based on goals and expertise
  • Advantage: Learn while building core position
Generational Strategy
  • Bullion: For immediate family needs
  • Numismatic: For long-term legacy
  • Consideration: Numismatic may appreciate more over decades
  • Estate planning: Different assets for different purposes

Semi-Numismatic: The Middle Ground

What Are Semi-Numismatic Coins?
  • Definition: Bullion coins with some collector appeal
  • Examples: First year of issue, low mintage years, special finishes
  • Premium: Higher than regular bullion, lower than true numismatic
  • Examples: 1986 American Eagle (first year), 1996-W Silver Eagle
Advantages of Semi-Numismatic
  • Dual potential: Metal value + possible collector premium
  • More liquid than numismatic: Still recognizable as bullion
  • Lower risk than numismatic: Always has metal value floor
  • Entry point: Good way to start learning about numismatic aspects
How to Identify Opportunities
  • First year issues: Often carry premium
  • Low mintage years: Check mint production numbers
    • Special releases: Reverse proofs, enhanced uncirculated
  • Grade matters: MS-70 commands premium over MS-69
  • Research: Know which years/versions have collector following
⚠️
Common Mistakes to Avoid
  • Buying numismatic as "investment" without knowledge: High risk of overpaying
    • Treating bullion like collectibles: Paying high premiums for common bullion
  • Not understanding liquidity differences: Numismatic can take months to sell at fair price
    • Ignoring storage differences: Numismatic often requires better preservation
  • Mixing goals: Be clear whether you're investing or collecting

For detailed comparison information:

Detailed Comparison Guide Semi-Numismatic Guide
🛒

BUYING GUIDE

Where to buy, how to compare, and getting the best deals

The Bullion Buying Process

Buying bullion involves choosing dealers, payment methods, and timing. Smart buying saves money and ensures authenticity.

Where to Buy Bullion

🏪
Local Coin Shops

Advantages: Immediate possession, cash transactions, see before buying

Disadvantages: Limited selection, potentially higher prices

Best for: Small purchases, beginners wanting guidance

Tips: Build relationship, compare prices, check reputation

🌐
Online Dealers

Advantages: Best prices, largest selection, convenience

Disadvantages: Shipping costs/wait, cannot inspect first

Best for: Most investors, price-sensitive buyers

Tips: Check reviews, compare total delivered cost

🏛️
Direct from Mint

Advantages: Guaranteed authenticity, new releases

Disadvantages: Highest prices usually, shipping minimums

Best for: Special editions, proof coins, collectors

Tips: Sign up for notifications, watch for sales

🤝
Private Sellers

Advantages: Possible bargains, no sales tax

Disadvantages: Authentication risk, no guarantees

Best for: Experienced buyers only

Tips: Test before paying, meet in safe location

How to Evaluate Dealers

Payment Methods & Considerations

Bank Wire
  • Advantages: Lowest price, secure
  • Disadvantages: Non-reversible, bank fees
  • Best for: Large purchases
  • Tips: Verify details, keep records
Credit/Debit Card
  • Advantages: Buyer protection, rewards
  • Disadvantages: Higher price (3-4% fee), limits
  • Best for: Small purchases, first-time buyers
  • Tips: Check if rewards outweigh fee
Check/Money Order
  • Advantages: Lower price than credit card
  • Disadvantages: Must clear before shipment
  • Best for: Medium purchases, patient buyers
  • Tips: Send certified or priority mail
Cash (In Person)
  • Advantages: Immediate, private
  • Disadvantages: Safety concerns, no paper trail
  • Best for: Local purchases, small amounts
  • Tips: Meet in safe public place

Buying Timing Strategies

Dollar Cost Averaging
  • Method: Fixed amount at regular intervals
  • Advantage: Smooths out price volatility
  • Disadvantage: May miss big dips
  • Best for: Most investors, long-term
Value Averaging
  • Method: Buy more when prices low, less when high
  • Advantage: Better average price than DCA
  • Disadvantage: Requires market monitoring
  • Best for: Active investors
Lump Sum Investing
  • Method: Large purchase at once
  • Advantage: Lower premiums on large orders
  • Disadvantage: Risk of buying at peak
  • Best for: Windfalls, when prices attractive
Technical Buying
  • Method: Buy at support levels, moving averages
  • Advantage: Potentially better timing
  • Disadvantage: Requires technical knowledge
  • Best for: Technically inclined investors

Negotiation & Getting Better Deals

💰
Volume Discounts

Most dealers offer lower premiums for larger orders. Ask about tiered pricing.

🔄
Price Matching

Some dealers match competitors' prices. Provide evidence of lower price.

📧
Email Lists

Subscribe to dealer emails for special offers, sales, and closeouts.

🎯
Bundle Shipping

Combine multiple purchases to reach free shipping minimums.

First Purchase Recommendations

For Absolute Beginners
  • Start small: 1-5 silver ounces or 1/10 oz gold
  • Choose recognizable: American Eagle or Maple Leaf
  • Buy from reputable dealer: Even if slightly higher price
  • Goal: Learn process, get comfortable
  • Budget: $100-500 for first purchase
Common First Purchase Mistakes
  • Buying collectibles as "investment": Stick to bullion first
  • Overpaying at local shop: Compare to online prices
  • Buying obscure products: Stick to major mints
  • Impulse buying: Have a plan before purchasing
  • Ignoring total cost: Include shipping, insurance

For buying tools and resources:

Dealer Reviews Price Comparison Tool
💰

SELLING GUIDE

How to sell your bullion for the best price

The Bullion Selling Process

Selling bullion involves understanding buy prices, choosing the right buyer, and timing your sale for maximum profit.

Where to Sell Bullion

🏪
Local Coin Shops

Advantages: Immediate cash, no shipping

Disadvantages: Lower prices typically

Best for: Small amounts, quick cash

Expect: Spot minus 3-10% typically

🌐
Online Buyback Programs

Advantages: Competitive prices, convenient

Disadvantages: Shipping risk, payment delay

Best for: Larger amounts, better prices

Expect: Spot minus 1-5% typically

🤝
Private Sale

Advantages: Highest price possible

Disadvantages: Time-consuming, safety concerns

Best for: Experienced sellers, large amounts

Expect: Spot to spot plus premium

🏛️
Pawn Shops

Advantages: Immediate cash, no questions

Disadvantages: Lowest prices typically

Best for: Emergency cash only

Expect: Spot minus 20-50% typically

Realistic Pricing Expectations

Product Type Dealer Buys At Dealer Sells At Spread
1 oz Gold Eagle Spot minus 1-3% Spot plus 3-5% 4-8% total
1 oz Silver Eagle Spot minus 5-10% Spot plus 10-20% 15-30% total
1 oz Gold Maple Spot minus 1-2% Spot plus 2-4% 3-6% total
10 oz Silver Bar Spot minus 3-5% Spot plus 5-10% 8-15% total
Fractional Gold Spot minus 5-10% Spot plus 10-20% 15-30% total

Preparing to Sell

When to Sell

📈
Price Considerations
  • All-time highs: Consider taking some profits
  • Resistance levels: Technical analysis points
  • Media euphoria: Often signals near top
  • Parabolic moves: Extreme rises often correct
  • Personal targets: Sell at predetermined prices
💰
Financial Needs
  • Emergency funds: Bullion as last resort
  • Rebalancing: Sell when allocation too high
  • Opportunity cost: Better investments available
  • Tax harvesting: Offset other capital gains
  • Estate planning: Simplify for heirs
🏛️
Market Conditions
  • Dealer demand: High demand = better prices
  • Market hours: Sell when spot market open
  • Delivery times: Consider shipping delays
  • Holiday periods: May affect processing
  • Economic events: Fed meetings, data releases

Shipping to Buyers Safely

Packaging
  • Discreet: Plain packaging, no indication of contents
  • Secure: Double box with padding
  • Document: Photograph packaging process
  • Insurance: Full insurance required
  • Signature: Required upon delivery
Carriers
  • USPS Registered Mail: Most secure, slower
  • UPS/FedEx: Faster, good tracking
  • Brinks/Loomis: For very large shipments
  • Local delivery: For high-value local sales
  • Never: First class or uninsured
Documentation
  • Shipping receipt: Keep original
  • Tracking number: Monitor delivery
  • Insurance proof: Copy of insurance
  • Communication: Provide tracking to buyer
  • Confirmation: Get delivery confirmation

Tax Reporting Requirements

US Reporting Requirements
  • Dealer reporting: Over $10,000 cash, Form 8300
  • Capital gains: Report on Schedule D
  • Basis: Keep purchase records for cost basis
  • Losses: Can offset other capital gains
  • Professional advice: Consult tax advisor
Minimizing Tax Impact
  • Hold over 1 year: Qualifies for long-term rates
    • Tax-loss harvesting: Sell losers to offset gains
  • Gift to family: May have tax advantages
    • Charitable donation: Donate appreciated metals
  • Estate planning: Step-up in basis at death

For selling tools and resources:

Get Sell Price Quotes Capital Gains Calculator
🏛️

TAX CONSIDERATIONS

Understanding taxes on bullion purchases, sales, and ownership

Bullion Taxation Basics

Bullion is treated differently than other investments for tax purposes. Understanding these rules helps minimize tax liability.

Sales Tax on Purchases

State Variations

No sales tax: Many states exempt bullion over certain amounts

Partial exemption: Some states exempt over $1,000, $1,500, etc.

Full tax: Some states tax all bullion purchases

Check: State laws change, verify before buying

Minimizing Sales Tax
  • Bundle purchases: Reach exemption minimums
  • Buy from out-of-state: May avoid local tax
  • Use IRA: No sales tax on IRA purchases
  • Know thresholds: Buy just over exemption limits
  • Dealer location: Some states have dealer exemptions

Capital Gains Tax on Sales

Collectibles Tax Rate
  • Bullion classified as collectibles by IRS
  • Long-term rate: 28% maximum (if held over 1 year)
  • Short-term rate: Ordinary income rates (if held 1 year or less)
  • Compare: Stocks long-term rate typically 15-20%
  • Note: Your actual rate depends on income bracket
Calculating Gains
  • Basis: Purchase price + premiums + sales tax
  • Proceeds: Selling price - selling fees
  • Gain: Proceeds minus basis
  • Records: Keep all purchase/sale documentation
  • Multiple purchases: Can use specific identification or FIFO
Reporting Requirements
  • Form 8949: Report each sale
  • Schedule D: Summary of capital gains
  • Dealer reporting: May issue 1099-B
  • Self-reporting: Required even if no 1099
  • Penalties: For failure to report

IRA & 401k Taxation

Traditional IRA/401k
  • Contributions: Tax-deductible (subject to limits)
  • Growth: Tax-deferred
  • Withdrawals: Taxed as ordinary income
  • Required distributions: Starting at age 73
  • Early withdrawal: Penalty + taxes
Roth IRA
  • Contributions: After-tax (no deduction)
  • Growth: Tax-free
  • Withdrawals: Tax-free after age 59½
  • No required distributions: During lifetime
  • Early withdrawal: Contributions accessible anytime
Choosing Between
  • Traditional: If expect lower tax rate in retirement
  • Roth: If expect higher tax rate in retirement
  • Consider: Current vs future tax brackets
  • Both: Can have both types
  • Professional advice: Consult tax advisor

Estate & Inheritance Tax

Step-Up in Basis
  • At death: Basis resets to fair market value
  • Benefit: Heirs avoid capital gains on appreciation during your life
  • Documentation: Appraisal at date of death important
  • Multiple heirs: Basis step-up applies to each share
  • Planning: Consider holding until death for this benefit
Estate Tax Exemption
  • Federal exemption: ~$13 million per person (2024)
  • State exemptions: Vary widely, some much lower
  • Inclusion: Bullion counts toward estate value
  • Planning: Gifting during life can reduce estate
  • Professional advice: Essential for large estates
Inheritance by Heirs
  • Documentation: Clear records help heirs
  • Education: Heirs may not know bullion value
  • Liquidity: Consider need for cash to pay taxes
  • Trusts: Can help manage bullion for heirs
  • Instructions: Leave clear selling instructions

International Tax Considerations

Foreign Storage
  • FBAR: Report foreign accounts over $10,000
  • FATCA: Additional reporting for larger amounts
  • Penalties: Severe for non-compliance
  • Professional help: Essential for foreign holdings
  • Choose jurisdictions: Some have better tax treaties
Cross-Border Issues
  • Import/export: Some countries restrict bullion movement
  • VAT/GST: Value-added taxes in some countries
  • Reporting: May need to report cross-border transfers
  • Treaties: Tax treaties may affect liability
  • Legal advice: Before moving bullion internationally

Tax Planning Strategies

📅
Hold Over 1 Year

Qualify for long-term capital gains rates (28% max) instead of ordinary income rates.

💸
Tax-Loss Harvesting

Sell losing positions to offset gains in other investments.

🎁
Gifting

Gift to family members in lower tax brackets or for education expenses.

🏛️
Charitable Donations

Donate appreciated bullion to charity for tax deduction at fair market value.

👔
When to Seek Professional Help

Complex situations: International holdings, large estates, business ownership

Major transactions: Selling large amounts, inheriting bullion

Estate planning: Integrating bullion into overall estate plan

Tax disputes: If audited or have reporting questions

Changing laws: Tax laws change frequently

Finding help: Look for CPAs or attorneys with precious metals experience

📚

RESOURCES & NEXT STEPS

Continuing your bullion education and building your portfolio

Building Your Bullion Knowledge

Successful bullion investing requires ongoing education. These resources will help you continue learning and make informed decisions.

Recommended Learning Resources

Books
  • "Guide to Investing in Gold & Silver" by Michael Maloney
  • "The ABCs of Gold Investing" by Michael J. Kosares
  • "The Silver Bull Market" by David Morgan
  • "The New Case for Gold" by James Rickards
  • "Currency Wars" by James Rickards
Websites & Blogs
  • Kitco.com: News, prices, commentary
  • GoldSilver.com: Educational content
  • BullionStar.com: Blog and market analysis
  • SDBullion.com/blog: Educational articles
  • MoneyMetals.com: News and analysis
Podcasts & YouTube
  • "The GoldSilver Podcast" by Mike Maloney
  • "The Morgan Report" by David Morgan
  • "Wall Street Silver" subreddit/YouTube
  • "ITM Trading" YouTube channel
  • "Arcane Economics" YouTube channel

Price Tracking & Portfolio Tools

📱
Mobile Apps
  • Kitco App: Live prices, charts, news
  • BullionVault App: Trading platform
  • GoldPrice App: Simple price tracking
  • APMEX App: Buying and tracking
  • Custom spreadsheets: For portfolio tracking
💻
Desktop Tools
  • TradingView: Advanced charting
  • Excel/Sheets: Portfolio tracking templates
  • Mint websites: Product information
  • Dealer websites: Price comparison tools
  • Investment software: Integration with brokers
📊
Portfolio Management
  • Manual tracking: Spreadsheet with purchases
  • Photos: Document all holdings
  • Insurance records: Keep current
  • Performance tracking: vs benchmarks
  • Rebalancing schedule: Regular reviews

Community & Forums

Online Forums
  • Reddit r/Silverbugs: Active community
  • Reddit r/Gold: Gold-focused discussions
  • Kitco Forums: Established community
  • CoinTalk Forums: Broader coin discussions
  • Local clubs: Check for in-person meetings
Industry Organizations
  • Industry Council for Tangible Assets (ICTA): Trade association
  • American Numismatic Association (ANA): Educational
  • Professional Numismatists Guild (PNG): Dealer organization
  • Local coin clubs: Often have bullion focus too
  • Investment clubs: Some focus on precious metals
Events & Shows
  • Local coin shows: Often have bullion dealers
  • ANA World's Fair of Money: Major annual event
  • FUN Show: Florida United Numismatists
  • Dealer open houses: Some dealers host events
  • Online webinars: Many dealers offer educational sessions

Your Next Steps

1
Start Small

Make your first purchase. Even 1 ounce of silver or 1/10 ounce of gold gets you started.

2
Set Up Tracking

Create simple spreadsheet to track purchases, prices, and holdings.

3
Develop Plan

Define your investment goals, allocation target, and buying strategy.

4
Continue Learning

Subscribe to newsletters, follow trusted analysts, read recommended books.

Common Beginner Mistakes to Avoid

❌
Buying Collectibles as Bullion

Paying high premiums for "limited edition" bullion that won't maintain premium.

❌
Timing the Market

Trying to buy at absolute bottom. Dollar cost average instead.

❌
Poor Storage Choices

Not securing properly or choosing wrong storage for amount owned.

❌
Ignoring Total Costs

Not including premiums, shipping, insurance, and storage in cost basis.

The NumisDon Bullion Philosophy

Bullion investing should be approached as a long-term wealth preservation strategy, not speculative trading. Our approach emphasizes:

🎯
Education First

Understand what you're buying, why you're buying it, and how to store it safely.

💰
Cost Awareness

Minimize premiums, taxes, and fees to maximize your metal ownership.

🛡️
Security & Authenticity

Verify everything, insure appropriately, and store securely.

📈
Long-Term Perspective

Bullion is for preservation, not quick profits. Think in years, not days.

Your Bullion Investing Journey

Whether you start with a single silver eagle or begin building a substantial gold position, bullion represents a timeless form of wealth that has survived empires, currencies, and economic systems.

The beauty of bullion investing is its simplicity: you own physical metal, free from counterparty risk, bank failures, or digital vulnerabilities. In an increasingly digital world, physical precious metals offer a tangible connection to value that has been recognized for thousands of years.

Remember: The size of your bullion holdings matters less than the consistency of your approach. Regular contributions, dollar cost averaging, secure storage, and continuous learning create a solid foundation for long-term wealth preservation.

Start where you are, use what you have, do what you can. Every ounce counts toward your financial security and independence.

Ready to Start Your Bullion Journey?

Browse Bullion Start with Silver Calculate Premiums Beginner's Guide